- shipbuilding emakethe Chinese lokuncono 2017 kodwa alikhuphukanga walulama
Ngemva kwenkathi ende ukulungiswa, ngonyaka 2017 bekulokhu unyaka nokuvulwa lokuthumela ezimakethe zomhlaba jikelele, kanye shipbuilding emakethe yaseChina futhi iye yathuthuka kakhulu. Nokho, umkhakha shipbuilding alikhuphukanga walulama.
Ngokusho idatha kusuka China Association of shipbuilding Imboni (ngemuva kwalokhu elizobizwa ngokuthi Umkhumbi Association), e-2017, inani shipbuilding umthamo kuleli zwe abayizigidi ezingu-42,68 dwt, okwakuwuphawu engu-on-nyaka ukwanda of 20,9%; futhi entsha ivolumu umkhumbi oda kwezigidi ezingu 33,73 dwt, ukwanda kokungabi 60,1% ngonyaka-on-nyaka.
izinkomba China ezintathu ezinkulu shipbuilding zibekwa wokuqala emhlabeni ngokuya share ezimakethe zomhlaba jikelele. Phakathi kwabo, isiShayina shipbuilding ukuqedwa, oda amasha wathola, futhi oda ngesandla akhawunti 41.9%, 45,5%, futhi 44,6% wezindleko global, ngokulandelana.
Kusukela ngomhla ka-ekupheleni 2017, ama-oda China sika ephathwayo umkhumbi zaba kwezigidi ezingu 87,23 dwt, oneminyaka engu-on-nyaka Ukwehla 12.4%. Kusukela ngomhla ka-2017, ama-oda China sika ephathwayo umkhumbi ziyadlula iminyaka emine ilandelana, kanye nezinkampani eziningi umkhumbi kungaba kuphela ukulondoloza kuphungula umthwalo emhlabeni owodwa ngonyaka.
Kusukela emazweni angaphandle umbono, uma kuqhathaniswa nabangu-2006-2010, i-global entsha umkhumbi ukuhweba nomthamo 2017 namanje ezingeni eliphansi.
Ngokusho idatha ucwaningo Clarkson, ngesi-2017, ama-oda mkhumbi omusha global bezingaphansi 902 imikhumbi kwezigidi ezingu 72,8 dwt, okuyinto sanda kuqhathaniswa 2016.
Nokho, engu-20 edlule, kwakunoFakazi kuphela esingaphansi 1,000 oda amasha umkhumbi iminyaka emithathu.
Global oda aphathwayo umkhumbi nazo ngincipha. Ngo-2017, inani oda ephathwayo emhlabeni wonke kwakungabantu abakhuluma 3.158 futhi 196,9 izigidi ezingu dwt. Kusukela ngo-2004, ama-oda ngesandla ziyethile ngezansi yizigidi ezingu-200 dwt okokuqala.
Inani lochwepheshe umkhakha shipbuilding zonke watshela esibonakalayo izindaba intatheli ukuthi ukwanda kwenani oda lwemikhumbi entsha ingasetshenziswa hhayi njengendinganiso yazo yokutakula emakethe. Isimo emakethe lwamanje zixaka ngaphezu kwanoma yinini. izinkampani shipbuilding kudingeka bahlanganise amasu ebhizinisi alungile futhi nokuncintisana yabo. .
Ngo ukuncintisana phakathi China, Japan neNingizimu Korea shipbuilding umkhakha, China has okwesikhashana upper andla. Ngokusho idatha kusuka China shipbuilding Imboni Economic Research Center, China shipbuilding Supply Side Climate Inkomba (CTSI) wabuyela No.1 futhi ngo-December 2017, kanye nokukhula oda amasha kwaba isizathu esiyinhloko ukuvelela Inkomba. Ngigcine China babehamba phambili ohlwini ngokufa ngo-May 2014.
Ngo-2017, kukhona ukuthambekela okusobala tekuhlangani oda entsha evela eChina izinkampani evelele ukuze. Phezulu izinkampani eziyishumi kuleli zwe zaba 73,4% we oda amasha Imininingwane ncintisana 58,3% we shipbuilding wezwe. Ngo-2017, izinkampani abane lokuthumela eChina langena top ten oda ezintsha zembulunga yonke, kanye nezinkampani abahlanu bengene phakathi kwabayishumi abaphasa ngamalengiso emhlabeni.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukungqubuzana phakathi intengo imikhumbi entsha bese izindleko kombhala kwaqokonyiswa ngo-2017 Ngenxa izinto ezifana ongaphakeme ezimakethe, amanani aphansi, kwentengo impahla eluhlaza, kanye nokuntuleka yokusebenza amanani izinkampani shipbuilding, le izindleko sezizonke izinkampani shipbuilding uvukile ngokushesha, futhi inzuzo izinkampani shipbuilding sesinciphe kakhulu. Ezinyangeni zokuqala ezingu-11-2017, i-main ibhizinisi ngemali 1407 shipbuilding amabhizinisi ngenhla usayizi esiqokiwe kwehle ngo-8.2% ngonyaka-on-nyaka, futhi inzuzo Imininingwane kwehle ngo-15.9% unyaka-on-nyaka.
Nge ukuthuthukiswa komnotho womhlaba elusa uzinze, emakethe lokuthumela kulindeleke ukuba silondoloze ithonya owaziwayo kanye omuhle. Imakethe omusha nokuhambisa 2018 kulindeleke ukuba ahlale ematasa ezintweni.
Kusukela maphakathi no-January 2018, izinkampani zemikhumbi Chinese kokuqinisekisa oda imikhumbi entsha 78, okubandakanya izinhlobo eziningi imikhumbi, kuhlanganise abathwali ngobuningi, uwoyela emathangini avuzayo, isitsha imikhumbi, LNG imikhumbi, nezisebenzi sogu lolwandle.
Ngokusho umhlahlo inhlangano womkhumbi, jikelele omusha umkhumbi inzuzo e-2018 kuyoba phakathi 70 million no 75 kwezigidi ezingu dwt. Inombolo oda amasha wathola kungase kwandise kusuka 2017, futhi intengo entsha umkhumbi kungandisa kancane. Kulindeleke ukuthi ivolumu imithambo emikhulu izomashela emuva 2018, futhi inombolo encane ekhethekile-injongo umkhumbi izimakethe ezifana okunethezeka kufika imikhumbi, imoto abathwali nomgibeli rovers zisekhona azinake.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uwoyela global nokuthuthukiswa igesi uzoqhubeka eyolanda platform elintantayo ukukhiqizwa, nomoya sogu lolwandle ukwakhiwa ipulazi futhi imishini yesondlo kanye nemishini ahlobene LNG-Uzophinda uthole ukunakekelwa njalo.
I Umkhumbi Association wawuthi ukuze sisabalalise lokuncintisana emakethe, izinkampani zemikhumbi Chinese kudingeka sithuthukise emisha zabo amakhono, ukuthuthukisa imikhumbi oluhlaza futhi imvelo ukuthi ukuhlangabezana nezimfuno emakethe, ukwakha umkhumbi brand onobuhle, ukuthuthukisa shipbuilding kanye zasolwandle imishini yokukhiqiza ezimbonini, kanye nezokuvakasha, yokudoba, ophinde uvuseleleke, ezilwandle ezijulile. Inhlanganisela Isikhala izidubedube ukuthuthukiswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkampani umkhumbi kumelwe futhi ukukhuthaza ukuphathwa iphilile banciphise izindleko.
- Green Umkhumbi Technology China 2018 Summit Labetibambile e Shanghai
Kusukela ngo-Ephreli 19 kuya ku-20, i-China Green 2020 Summit owaqhutshelwa e Shanghai. Ongoti kokubili ekhaya aphesheya olwenziwa Ukuhwebelana olunzulu amandla ukulondolozwa nentuthu oyikhiphayo ukunciphisa izisulu umkhakha shipbuilding. Abamele i-International Maritime Organization (Imo), i-European Union, futhi Asogwini kwangena ngokwehlukile. Okuqukethwe imithetho efanele kanye nezinqubomgomo, ukuqaliswa kanye lokulungiswa izinqubomgomo kanye nemithethonqubo China Umkhumbi Emission Control Zone Uthole ukunakwa okukhulu ngebanga abahlanganyeli.
Imo uye Eminyakeni yamuva, zilandelana ikhiphe inombolo kwemithetho kanye nemigomo ephathelene namandla-ukonga kanye ekushayweni zokunciphisa. Selimise umhlahlandlela ukuthuthukiswa okugcinekayo le shipbuilding umkhakha embulungeni yonke, futhi ibuye ibe isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa oluhlaza umkhumbi ubuchwepheshe okuthumela shipbuilding izimboni emazweni ahlukahlukene. Ngokusho Lucas, ummeleli Imo Marine Imvelo Ukuvikelwa iKomidi, kulo nyaka, Imo uyosingatha Luhlolo loluphelele ukuqaliswa Esigabeni sokuqala kuhle kwegezi design Inkomba womkhumbi (EEDI) esekelwe idatha kuka 2,000 imikhumbi langempela okuye eqoqwe. Unyaka waqala ukusebenzisa isigaba izimfuneko EEDI yesibili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Imo futhi sizochaza futhi ukufunda imithetho emisha nokuvikelwa kwemvelo ezifana ukusetshenziswa uwoyela emikhunjini esindayo e-Arctic Ocean esifundeni futhi enqabela zisezintsha imfucuza plastic esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ukuze uvikele imvelo yasolwandle emvelweni futhi bazuze abantu.
Amazwe EU 32% izimoto olwandle uya emhlabeni, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi enamathiselwe kakhulu nezidingo umkhumbi kwekhabhoni. Ku-summit Lgnacio, unobhala Ukudluliselwa aseYurophu China yesibili, owethulwa ukuqaliswa imithetho ephathelene nokuqapha, nokubika kanye yokuqinisekisa (MRV) lwemikhumbi 'kukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Ngokusho kwale mithetho, kusukela ngo-2018 kuqhubeke, EU uzoqoqa kwekhabhoni amarekhodi womkhumbi zombuso ilungu ngalinye futhi yakha umbiko wekuhlola kuwo 2019. Lokhu kuzosiza EU shipbuilding umkhakha ukuqhubeka ukulondoloza isikhundla salo okuholela ubuchwepheshe. Muva nje, i-European Union futhi ngenkuthalo ukuhlola ubuchwepheshe obusha futhi onobuhle ezintsha ze-sulphur weminyaka, kuncibilike igesi yemvelo (LNG) izicelo, njll, futhi uyaqhubeka ekhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa lokuthumela oluhlaza.
Jennifer, umqondisi we-US Coast Guard ezimbili uphinde Ukuhambisana uMnyango, wachaza ngokuningiliziwe imithetho ukuphathwa amanzi okusimamisa izinhlelo e-United States. Ngokusho kwakhe, uma sicabangela izinkulungwane izimo ezingekho emthethweni osenyameni uphenyo futhi kusetshenzwe ngayo ngabakwa-United States ngo-2017, amacala lobuchwepheshe, imisebenzi ongafanele, futhi ukungabi izinyathelo eziphuthumayo izimbangela eziyinhloko sokungalandeli umthetho. Wasikisela ukuba shipowners futhi umkhumbi efuze kufanele kuqinise ukuqeqeshwa izisebenzi Gwema izingozi ezisemthethweni futhi ukulahlekelwa ngokwezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Asogwini uzophinde afeze E-ZERO isitifiketi, ukuhlinzeka lula ukulawulwa kanye athole ukuphathwa ngendlela ehlukile lwemikhumbi eliphezulu.
Njengoba China wasungula umkhumbi ekushayweni ukulawula wamagatsha ngo-2016, i-kohlelo ubelokhu kuqhathaniswa egculisayo. Ngokusho Dong Leyi, umqondisi-Bureau of Ukuvikela kanye Ukuvimbela ukungcola at China Maritime Safety Administration, ngasekupheleni 2017, iziphathimandla zaseChina zasolwandle olwenziwa kuhlolwe fuel ezikebheni kuka 30.000. Phakathi kwabo, isilinganiso ephansi ukwephula navigation imikhumbi yamazwe ngamazwe kuyinto% 3.2 kuphela, futhi izinga ukwephulwa yemifula maphakathi nezwe futhi Jianghai imikhumbi ifinyelela 25,9%. Ngokusho idatha ukuqapha kwemvelo, ikhwalithi air ethekwini izindawo zasekhaya sathuthuka futhi okuqukethwe sulfide e Shanghai, Shenzhen, Jingtang, nezinye izindawo port kwehle kakhulu, futhi ukudedelwa PM ezingcolisayo kwakuqondiswa ngempumelelo. Nokho, lo mkhumbi ekushayweni ukulawula indawo ekhona ongakabi embozwe ezinye izimbobo ukhiye. Izinyathelo zokulawula ungazange abathintekayo nitrogen oxides (Nox) emission. izinyathelo Alternative ezifana ukusetshenziswa LNG zokubasa, ukufakwa imishini desulphurization, njll ukuba kwakunzima ukukhuthaza, futhi amakhono zokulawula Kusafanele zingathuthukiswa. . Kuze kube yimanje, imiNyango efanele ngeke ulungise futhi uthuthukise uhlelo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo jikelele yezwe "ukulwa impi ezinzima ngokumelene ukungcola," futhi ukuze kusheshiswe ekuphenduleni mfuneko entsha Imo ukuthi 0.5% ephansi sulphur fuel uzobe waziwa ngalo amanzi global 2020.
Ngokuya zokulawula, ngoba nesibabule oxides (Sox) kanye particulate ndaba (PM), China sizoxoxa ukusetshenziswa 0.1% sulphur ukukhwezelwa emanzini asogwini, amanzi maphakathi nezwe zisebenzisa zomkhalazi udizili njalo; I-Nox, lo mkhumbi omusha kuyoba ngesikhathi esasihleliwe. Noma lelisu namazinga omhlaba kusengaphambili ekhona, okungukuthi, imikhumbi Chinese kazwelonke eyakhelwe ngemuva kukaNovemba 2021 ukuze lelisu Tier III amazinga umkhawulo, futhi uyosebenzisa amandla ogwini lapho berthing; I-compounds oluyingozi organic (VOC), eyakhiwa ngemva 2020, Ingena ukulawula ukuphuma endaweni womkhumbi (Deca), uya emkhunjini Chinese nge tonnage bezakhamuzi amathani 150 noma ngaphezulu, kufanele abe uwoyela yokutakula igesi izimo. Ngamagama ukwenaba control, ngesisekelo umkhumbi ekushayweni control esishintshashintshayo ekhona, ezinye izindawo ezibalulekile niyozenezelelwa, ezifana Huanghai Sea,-Haixi, Beibu Gulf futhi West Guangdong. Ngokusho Dong Leyi, China Maritime Safety Administration okwamanje sandise inkonzo umsebenzi walo ucwaningo, futhi ihlele ulungise futhi uthuthukise umkhumbi ekushayweni ukulawula izindawo maduze owethulwa.
Phakathi nale ngqungquthela, ochwepheshe abavela ezinkampanini ezifana ABB, umqeqeshi GTT, Scania, Mann, Sinocraft Winterthur Izinjini, futhi Montgomery negesi owethulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha futhi imikhiqizo emisha for ezihlobene umkhumbi-kwekhabhoni entengo.
isikhathi Iposi: Jun-12-2018